1.1 According to lecture notes advanced Comparative Law 1 – Law and governance of European migration and international
Forced migration occurs by movement of people who are forced to leave for political reasons (war, tension, uprising, ethnic or religious conflict) and who fear, rightly, to be persecuted on certain grounds enumerated in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951 are race, nationality, language, religion and membership of a particular group. The agent of persecution can be both state and non-state (Army Faction).
Forced migrants are made up of refugees, stateless persons, internally displaced persons and asylum seekers.
1.2 According to the Glossary on Migration
“Term generally used to describe the involuntary movement of people, particularly caused by the fear of persecution by armed conflict, internal strife, natural disasters or manmade. The concept of forced migration includes the movement of refugees and internally displaced persons (inside or outside of their country). “
Richard Perruchoud, Glossary on Migration, No. 9, Geneva, Publications International Organization for Migration, 2007, online: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=113 (accessed February 28, 2012)
1.3 According to the UNFPA
“Forced migration is one that results from coercion, violence, political or environmental reasons of binding or other forms of coercion, rather than a voluntary decision.”
The United Nations Fund for Population Activities, “Forced Migration: Refugees and Asylum Seekers”, online: www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/french/chapter_1/forced_migration.html (site accessed 28 February 2012)
Used in a sentence:
“The best-known and on which one has the most accurate data in the category of forced migration is that of” refugees “: people who flee countries hit by war, violence and chaos, and that unable or unwilling to return to their home country because all their effective protection is lacking there. “
The United Nations Fund for Population Activities, “Forced Migration: Refugees and Asylum Seekers”, online: www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/french/chapter_1/forced_migration.html (site accessed 28 February 2012)
Office of the United Nations Human Rights, Convention on the Status of Refugees, UN Doc. off. H.C.N.U.D.H. (July 28, 1951), online: http://www2.ohchr.org/french/law/refugies.htm (accessed February 28, 2012)
Office of the United Nations Human Rights, Convention on the Status of Refugees, UN Doc. off. H.C.N.U.D.H. (July 28, 1951), online: http://www2.ohchr.org/french/law/refugies.htm (accessed February 28, 2012)
The United Nations Fund for Population Activities, “Forced Migration: Refugees and Asylum Seekers”, online: www.unfpa.org/swp/2006/french/chapter_1/forced_migration.html (site accessed 28 February 2012)
Richard Perruchoud, Glossary on Migration, No. 9, Geneva, Publications International Organization for Migration, 2007, online: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=113 (accessed February 28, 2012)